Improvement in ovens



F. HOWES.

OVENS.

No. 185,750. Patented Dec. 26, 1876.

TH E GRAPHIC CD-NAY.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFIC.

FREDERIO HOWES, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN OVENS.

S ecification forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 185,750, datedDecember 26, 1876; application filed November 24, 1876.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FREDERIo HowEs, ofBoston, county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have inventedcertain Improvements in Ovens for Baking, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description. reference being had to theaccompanying drawings.

My invention consists in the combination, with an oven, of a vessel forheating water, and pipes or other water-Ways through which the hot watercan be carried about the oven.

In the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates my invention as applied to acommon form of kitchen-range, and Figs. 2 and 3 are diagrams.

The pipe A leads into the water-back or other vessel in which the wateris heated, and the pipe B leads from the water-back. These two pipesusually connect the water-back directly with the copper vessel 0,commonly called the boiler, although it is in fact a reservoir of water,the true boiler being the water-back; but in a range embodying myinvention the outlet-pipe B from the waterback, and into which the hotwater rises from the water-back, is carried up to and about the ovens DD.

In the drawing, this pipe B is represented as made of lead and bentaround the ovens; but in practice, sections of iron pipes with elbowswill usually be used. Care should be taken, where my inventionis appliedto the common range, to so arrange the pipe B in relation to the vesselin which the water is heated, and to the pipe A, as to insure acirculation of the water, the hot water rising and surrounding theovens, and the cooler water entering the water-back to be heated.

The arrangement shown in the drawing is the best known to me forordinary domestic ovens, and can be applied readily to kitchenovens nowin use. For larger ovens the contrivance will be the same. The vessel 0will then represent a water-tank or reservoir, situated above the vesselF, in which the water is heated, as shown in Fig. 2. In this figure Grepresents a force-pump, and H a pipe leading from it to supply thereservoir 0. When the reservoir G is dispensed with, the pipe B, afterrising and surrounding the oven or itself forming the walls of the oven,should rise some distance-i'ar enough to prevent the water boilingover-as shown in Fig. 3, or the pipe B may connect with the pipe A; butin this case suitable valves will be required to prevent the pressurebecoming too great, and also proper means for refilling the heater, asthere will be more or less waste of water whenever the valve blows off;and it is important that the pipes B and A, as well as the heater F,should be kept nearly full of water. Consequently, in all cases, Iprefer to use a reservoir, 0, separate from the vessel in which thewater is heated. When the pipe B enters this vessel below thewater-level it should be open, or else should have a blow-off pipe, E,through which the steam can escape. In Figs. 2 and 3 the top of pipe Bis the blow-off pipe. The enlargement or of pipe B allows the water tobe replenished. In Fig. l of the drawings the pipe J connects with asecond reservoir of water above the reservoir 0, and the pipe E rises toa distance of a foot or two above the level of the water in the secondreservoir.

What I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, with the oven D, ofthe Water-back or other vessel F, in which the water is heated, and thepipe B surrounding the oven, the combination being and operatingsubstantially as described.

2. The combination, with the oven D, of the vessel F, in which the wateris heated, the reservoir 0, and the pipe B, surrounding the oven, allarranged and operating substantial- 1y as described.

FREDU. HOWES.

Witnesses:

CHAS. F. SLEEPER, J. E. KNOX.

